Frostnip/Chilblain

Frostnip is the mildest form of cold injury. It is caused by cold-induced constriction of the blood vessels. Symptoms include pain and altered sensation. Frostnip resolves with rewarming without causing damage to the skin. It especially affects the fingers, toes and ears.

Chilblains are caused by chronic intermittent exposure to cool (above freezing), wet conditions. Tissue damage is caused by constriction and inflammation of the blood vessels. Symptoms include itching, burning, tingling, swelling and redness. Ulcers and nodules are occasionally seen. Symptoms usually resolve in 1 - 3 weeks. Again, the common sites are hands, feet and ears.